1. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Classification

Kingdom: Plantae (Plants)
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (Vascular Plants)
Superdivision: Spermatophyta (Seed Plants)
Division: Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants)
Class: Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) Click to continue

1. Seaweed (Chondracanthus chamissoi- Gigartina chamissoi) Classification

Division: Rhodophyta (red algae)
Class: Rhodophyceae
Subclass: Florideophycideae
Order: Gigartinales
Family: Gigartinaceae Click to continue

1. Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers * - Lepidium peruvianum Chacón *) Classification

Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plants 
Division: Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
Class: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
Subclass: Dilleniidae
Order: Capparales Click to continue

1. Graviola (Annona muricata L.) Classification

Kingdom: Plantae (Plants)
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
Superdivision: Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
Division: Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
Class: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
Subclass: Magnoliidae
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae (Custard-Apple Family)
Genus: Annona L.
Species: Annona muricata L. in Species Plantarum 1: 536-537 (1753).
Synonyms:

• Annona bonplandiana Kunth.
• Annona cearensis Barb. Rodr.
• Annona macrocarpa Wercklé
• Annona muricata var. borinquensis Morales
• Guanabanus muricatus (L.) M. Gómez

Related Species:

• Annona cherimola “Chirimoya”
• Annona cherimola x squamosa “Atemoya”
• Annona crassiflora “Marolo”
• Annona diversifolia “Ilama”
• Annona glabra “Pond Apple”
• Annona montana “Guanábana de monte”
• Annona palmeri     
• Annona paludosa
• Annona purpurea “Soncoya”
• Annona reticulata “Custard Apple”
• Annona salzmanii  
• Annona scleroderma “Poshe-te”
• Annona sericea
• Annona senegalensis “Wild Custard Apple”
• Annona squamosa “Sugar Apple”
• Cananga odorata “Ylang-Ylang”
• Monodora myristica “Calabash Nutmeg”
• Rollinia mucosa “Biriba”
• Stelechocarpus burahol “Kepel”

Common Names: “soursop”,  “graviola”, “prickly custard apple”. Castilian/Spanish: “guanábano”, “guanábana”, “corosol”, “corrosal”, “anón”, “cachimán”, “guanavana”, “masasamba”; Peru “guanábano”, “guanábana”; Venezuela “catoche”, “catuche”, Guatemala “huanábano”, “huanaba”; El Salvador “guanaba”  Mexico “catuche”, “catucho”; Zapote de viejas (Rep. Mex.); Cabeza de negro (Oax., Jal.) ; Catuch, Catucho (Jal.); Guanábana (Yuc., Chis., Oax.); Polvox, Tak-ob (l. maya, Yuc.); Caduts-at (l. popoluca, Ver.); Xunáipill (l. mixe, Oax.); Llama de Tehuantepec (Oax.); Argentina “anona de puntitas”, “anona de broquel”; Bolivia “sinini”. French: corossolier, cacheimantier épineux, cachiman épineux, corossol, corossol épineux,grand corossol. Portuguese (Brazil): graviola,araticum do grande, jaca do Para. Malayan: durian belanda, durian maki, seri kaya belanda. Thai: thu-rian-khack. Others: syasyap (Commonwealth of the North Marianas Islands); kātara‘apa (Cook Islands); kātara‘apa papa‘ā (Cook Islands (Mangaia)); naponapo taratara (Cook Islands (Aitutaki)); saasaf, sasaf (Chuuk); tapotapo papaa (French Polynesia); laguana, laguaná, laguanaha, laguanaba, labuanaha (Guam); sosap (Kosrae); jojaab (Marshall Islands); talapo fotofoto (Niue); sausab (Palau); sei, sae, truka shai (Pohnpei); sasalapa (Samoa); ‘apele ‘initia (Tonga); sausau (Yap).  Click to continue

Artichoke Cynara scolymus L. was already cultivated by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. In Roma, it was an important delicatessen, very estimated, especially during holidays, due to its agreeable bitter flavor. In spite of that, its diffusion to the rest of Europe delayed up to the 15th century. Since several hundred years ago, Cynara scolymus L. has been used in traditional medicine both, in Europe and in other parts of the world, in order to treat gallbladder and liver diseases.

In England, where Cynara scolymus L. was considered an aristocratic vegetable, it is being cultivated since, at least, 16th century. It is said that king Henry the 8th, who had 6 wives and only 3 children, had a particular taste for Cynara scolymus L., possibly due to the fact that this plant species was then considered –erroneously—an aphrodisiac. Click to continue